[Scientists believed that rainforests were poor at absorbing carbon dioxide despite their rich plant life, but the new study shows that they, in fact, account for more than half of all greenhouse gases absorbed by vegetation ]
by: Richard Gray
Tropical forests are growing faster than scientists thought due to rising levels of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere.
A
Nasa-led study has found that tropical forests are absorbing 1.5
billion tons of carbon dioxide every year as they photosynthesise and
grow.
And this is far more than is absorbed by the vast areas of boreal forest that encircle the Arctic.
The researchers claim their findings show that rainforests like the Amazon are essential for soaking up excess greenhouse gases, and play a far greater role than had been previously realised.
Dr David
Schimel, a researcher at Nasa's Jet Propulsion Laboratory in California,
who led the study, said: 'This is good news, because uptake in boreal
forests is already slowing, while tropical forests may continue to take
up carbon for many years.'
However,
Dr Schimel and his colleagues warn that deforestation in tropical
rainforests could exacerbate climate change by leaving more carbon
dioxide in the atmosphere.
In
total, they estimate that forests and other vegetation absorb around
2.7 billion tonnes of carbon dioxide, about 30 per cent of that emitted
by humans.
As emissions add more carbon dioxide to the atmosphere, forests worldwide are using it to grow faster.
However, the rate at which they absorb this has been hard to estimate with many studies producing contradictory results.
As
many rainforests consist of mature trees that are often hundreds of
years old, they were not thought to absorb much carbon dioxide.
Young fast growing trees tend to absorb more carbon dioxide as they use the carbon as they grow.
Global air flows and data on deforestation also suggested tropical forests were releasing more carbon dioxide than they absorb.
But
this new study suggests the tropical forests are using far more of the
carbon, and so growing far faster than previously believed.
Dr Schimel and his colleagues, whose work is published in the Proceedings of National Academy of Sciences, used computer models, satellite images, data from forest plots and photosynthetic experiments to build up a picture of how forests absorb carbon dioxide from the atmosphere.
[Deforestation and burning releases carbon dioxide into the atmosphere, and were thought to cause tropical forests to release more carbon dioxide than they absorbed. But the new study suggests this is not the case ]
He said:
'What we've had up till this paper was a theory of carbon dioxide
fertilisation based on phenomena at the microscopic scale and
observations at the global scale that appeared to contradict those
phenomena.
'Here,
at least, is a hypothesis that provides a consistent explanation that
includes both how we know photosynthesis works and what's happening at
the planetary scale.
'All
else being equal, the effect is stronger at higher temperatures,
meaning it will be higher in the tropics than in the boreal forests.'
However,
he added that changes in water supply to forests due to changing
climate and deforestation could alter the amount of carbon dioxide
tropical forests are absorbing.
He
said: 'The future tropical balance of deforestation and climate sources
and regrowth and carbon dioxide sinks will only remain a robust feature
of the global carbon cycle if the vast tropical forests are protected
from destruction.'
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